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视图实体

什么是视图实体?

视图实体是一个映射到数据库视图的类。 你可以通过定义一个新类来创建一个视图实体,并用@ViewEntity()来标记:

@ViewEntity() 接收以下参数:

  • name - 视图名称。 如果未指定,则从实体类名生成视图名称。
  • database - 所选DB服务器中的数据库名称。
  • schema - 架构名称。
  • expression - 视图定义。 必需参数

expression可以是带有正确转义的列和表的字符串,取决于所使用的数据库(示例中为postgres):

@ViewEntity({ 
expression: `
SELECT "post"."id" "id", "post"."name" AS "name", "category"."name" AS "categoryName"
FROM "post" "post"
LEFT JOIN "category" "category" ON "post"."categoryId" = "category"."id"
`
})

或者是QueryBuilder的一个实例

@ViewEntity({ 
expression: (connection: Connection) => connection.createQueryBuilder()
.select("post.id", "id")
.addSelect("post.name", "name")
.addSelect("category.name", "categoryName")
.from(Post, "post")
.leftJoin(Category, "category", "category.id = post.categoryId")
})

注意: 由于驱动程序的限制,不支持参数绑定。请改用文字参数。

@ViewEntity({ 
expression: (connection: Connection) => connection.createQueryBuilder()
.select("post.id", "id")
.addSelect("post.name", "name")
.addSelect("category.name", "categoryName")
.from(Post, "post")
.leftJoin(Category, "category", "category.id = post.categoryId")
.where("category.name = :name", { name: "Cars" }) // <-- 这是错的
.where("category.name = 'Cars'") // <-- 这是对的
})

每个视图实体都必须在连接选项中注册:

import {createConnection, Connection} from "typeorm";
import {UserView} from "./entity/UserView";

const connection: Connection = await createConnection({
type: "mysql",
host: "localhost",
port: 3306,
username: "test",
password: "test",
database: "test",
entities: [UserView]
});

或者你可以指定包含所有实体的整个目录 - 所有实体都将被加载:

import {createConnection, Connection} from "typeorm";

const connection: Connection = await createConnection({
type: "mysql",
host: "localhost",
port: 3306,
username: "test",
password: "test",
database: "test",
entities: ["entity/*.js"]
});

视图实体列

要将视图中的数据映射到正确的实体列,必须使用@ViewColumn()装饰器标记实体列,并将这些列指定为select语句别名。

字符串表达式定义的示例:

import {ViewEntity, ViewColumn} from "typeorm";

@ViewEntity({
expression: `
SELECT "post"."id" AS "id", "post"."name" AS "name", "category"."name" AS "categoryName"
FROM "post" "post"
LEFT JOIN "category" "category" ON "post"."categoryId" = "category"."id"
`
})
export class PostCategory {

@ViewColumn()
id: number;

@ViewColumn()
name: string;

@ViewColumn()
categoryName: string;

}

使用QueryBuilder的示例:

import {ViewEntity, ViewColumn} from "typeorm";

@ViewEntity({
expression: (connection: Connection) => connection.createQueryBuilder()
.select("post.id", "id")
.addSelect("post.name", "name")
.addSelect("category.name", "categoryName")
.from(Post, "post")
.leftJoin(Category, "category", "category.id = post.categoryId")
})
export class PostCategory {

@ViewColumn()
id: number;

@ViewColumn()
name: string;

@ViewColumn()
categoryName: string;

}

完整示例

让我们创建两个实体和一个包含来自这些实体的聚合数据的视图:

import {Entity, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, Column} from "typeorm";

@Entity()
export class Category {

@PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
id: number;

@Column()
name: string;

}
import {Entity, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, Column, ManyToOne, JoinColumn} from "typeorm";
import {Category} from "./Category";

@Entity()
export class Post {

@PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
id: number;

@Column()
name: string;

@Column()
categoryId: number;

@ManyToOne(() => Category)
@JoinColumn({ name: "categoryId" })
category: Category;

}
import {ViewEntity, ViewColumn} from "typeorm";

@ViewEntity({
expression: (connection: Connection) => connection.createQueryBuilder()
.select("post.id", "id")
.addSelect("post.name", "name")
.addSelect("category.name", "categoryName")
.from(Post, "post")
.leftJoin(Category, "category", "category.id = post.categoryId")
})
export class PostCategory {

@ViewColumn()
id: number;

@ViewColumn()
name: string;

@ViewColumn()
categoryName: string;

}

然后用数据填充这些表并从PostCategory视图请求所有数据:

import {getManager} from "typeorm";
import {Category} from "./entity/Category";
import {Post} from "./entity/Post";
import {PostCategory} from "./entity/PostCategory";

const entityManager = getManager();

const category1 = new Category();
category1.name = "Cars";
await entityManager.save(category1);

const category2 = new Category();
category2.name = "Airplanes";
await entityManager.save(category2);

const post1 = new Post();
post1.name = "About BMW";
post1.categoryId = category1.id;
await entityManager.save(post1);

const post2 = new Post();
post2.name = "About Boeing";
post2.categoryId = category2.id;
await entityManager.save(post2);

const postCategories = await entityManager.find(PostCategory);
const postCategory = await entityManager.findOne(PostCategory, { id: 1 });

postCategories的结果将是:

[ PostCategory { id: 1, name: 'About BMW', categoryName: 'Cars' },
PostCategory { id: 2, name: 'About Boeing', categoryName: 'Airplanes' } ]

postCategory中:

PostCategory { id: 1, name: 'About BMW', categoryName: 'Cars' }